Imperialism: A Study, p. 1 -40

Imperialism: A Study

1. threatens to break down the political isolation of the USA
2. principles which underlie imperialist policy
3. close to nationalism, internationalism, colonialism
4. nationalism: Greece, Servia, Romania, Bulgaria broke from Ottoman rule
5. Austria-Hungary created, Norway & Sweden & the Swiss Federation
6. Holland, Poland, Belgium, Norway, Balkans: engaged in national struggles
7. Prussia became a great nation
8. revival of decaying customs, language, literature & art
9. identity: community of language & religion help define it
10. colonialism: moving your citizens to another nation, become separate nations or are enwrapped in political bondage
11. colonialism: overthrow of nationality
12. rival nationalities must be assimilated
13. pax Romana: full civic rights for citizens, Rome led to the Holy Roman Empire
14. Charles V: got Austria, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, Sicily & Naples under his imperial rule 
15. Dante, Vico, Machiavelli, Kant: empire is a hierarchy of states
16. Lessing, Kant, Goethe, Rousseau, Lavater, Condorcet, Priestly, Gibbon, Franklin: became citizens of the world
17. Kant was interested in Parisian life more than Russia
18. cosmopolitanism faded, nationalism marked the next century
19. socialism: struggle with bureaucracy & capitalism
20. nationalism: leads to internationalism
21. coexistent empires following each own imperial career of territorial/industrial aggrandisement are natural enemies, “fight for markets”
22. scramble for Africa/Asia
23. earth hunger, struggle for markets
24. material gain influenced Russia/Germany
25. Great Britain: imperialist, colonies in Africa & Asia
26. Britain had colonies in India
27. native/feudal states in India
28. 25,000,000 in British India
29. 420,000,000 in the British empire, 50,000,000 are British race/speech
30. 1880s: imperialism reaches a peak
31. Franco-German War
32. 1880, German tries to increase commerce abroad
33. French expanded empire into Senegal & the Sahara
34. Italy owned the northern colony of Eritrea in East Africa
35. Spain: retired from imperial competition
36. Russia, expansionist country of the north, Asiatic in its achievements, imperial boundaries were extended. 
37. USA annexed Hawaii, & took over relics of the ancient Spanish empire
38. three types of British colonial possessions: 1) crown has entire control of legislation, 2) colonies have representative institution, crown can veto legislation, 3) colonies with representative institutions & responsible government, crown only has a veto on legislation
39. no single British colony with responsible self government was established
40. protectorates are subject to the absolute rule of the British government
41. closer & dramatic imperial control over the territories that have been annexed
42. “lower races” prevent British settlement in some places, self government in Australia & Canada
43. new imperialism didn’t extend the political & civil liberties of the mother country
44. tropical/subtropical lands were claimed, lands were thickly populated by “lower races” 
The Commercial Value Of Imperialism, Chapter II
1. Great Britain depended primarily on foreign trade
2. 1/6 of the nation’s income comes from production of goods for export
3. an effective demand at home will keep workers employed
4. foreign markets are a necessity for Britain
5. higher profits when goods are sold abroad
6. external trade: home trade
7. physical necessities, conveniences > distribution, official, personal services 
8. 1905, external trade is less important to Britain’s economy
9. value of foreign trade per capita declined in Britain
10. Boer War: increase of exports to colonies
11. no support for “trade follows the flag.”
12. imports grew faster than exports for Britain
13. other countries depended less on Britain for goods
14. France, Germany, Russia, USA wanted to expand
15. India, self-governing?
16. possessions didn’t usually belong to a self-governing group
17. Australia/Canada: wanted to be independent
18. a lot of trade with the Far East occurred
19. Lancashire, cheapest textile goods
20. Birmingham/Sheffield: cheapest metal goods